Paradoxical breathing, also known as inverse or reverse breathing, is a breathing pattern characterized by an abnormal inhalation and exhalation pattern. During paradoxical breathing, the chest wall and abdomen move in opposite directions, with the chest wall moving inward during inhalation and outward during exhalation. This breathing pattern is often seen in people with respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. It can also be seen in people with neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis.
The primary cause of paradoxical breathing is a decrease in the air that can be inhaled and exhaled due to the narrowing of the airways. Various factors, including inflammation, infection, or a structural abnormality of the airways, can cause this narrowing. It can also be caused by a decrease in the amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled due to a reduction in the air pressure in the lungs. As a result, paradoxical breathing can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. It can also lead to a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood, leading to other complications such as dizziness, confusion, and even coma.
Treatment for paradoxical breathing depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, medications such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids can reduce inflammation and open the airways. In other cases, surgery may be necessary to correct any structural abnormalities of the airways. In addition, lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, avoiding air pollution, and exercising regularly can help reduce the symptoms of paradoxical breathing.
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